Stroke
What type of brain injury is caused by a stroke?
What is a stroke?
A stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off. Without blood, the brain cells in that area can start to die because they aren’t getting the oxygen and nutrients they need. This can cause different parts of the brain to stop working properly.
There are two main types of strokes:
- Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, where a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke: This happens when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding inside the brain.
An ischemic stroke is said like this “ih-SKEE-mik”. Because the blood vessel is blocked, blood cannot flow properly to the different parts of the brain. When blood cannot flow, brain cells begin to die.
A haemorrhagic stroke is said like this “heh-meh-RA-jik”. This type of stroke is also called a brain Haemorrhage . Because the blood vessel leaks or breaks, blood goes out of the vessel and into or around the brain itself where it should not be. Having blood where it should not be puts pressure on the brain, damaging it.
What happens during a stroke?
Imagine the brain as a busy city, with blood vessels acting like roads. When a stroke occurs, it’s like a major traffic jam or roadblock that stops everything from moving. The area of the brain affected by this blockage or bleed can’t communicate properly with the rest of the body.
Signs and Symptoms
Knowing the signs of a stroke can help prepare you for what you might see or experience. Remember the acronym FAST:
- Face drooping: One side of the face may droop or feel numb.
- Arm weakness: One arm may feel weak or numb. Ask the person to raise both arms – does one arm drift downward?
- Speech difficulty: Speech may be slurred or hard to understand.
- Time to call an Ambulance: If you see any of these signs, call for help immediately.
What tests might be done?
A stroke is an acquired brain injury (ABI). Strokes can be seen on different tests like a CT Scan, MRI or blood test. These tests will help professionals know the type of stroke it is, how serious it is and what parts of the brain have been hurt.
After a stroke has been found, your special person may need to have surgery to help control the bleeding and any swelling in the brain.
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
A machine that uses different waves to make images of organs and other tissues within the body
CT
Computerised Tomography
A machine that uses x-rays and a computer to take 3D images of the inside of the body
Surgery
A procedure where special doctors and nurses help to stop any blood going to areas it should not be going into or remove the skull to help the brain to swell safely.
EEG
Electroencephalogram
A machine used to measure electrical activity in the brain.
How does a stroke affect the brain?
The effects of a stroke depend on where it happens in the brain and how much of the brain is affected. Here are some common impacts:
- Movement and coordination: Difficulty walking, balance issues, or paralysis on one side of the body
- Speech and understanding: Trouble speaking, understanding speech, reading, or writing
- Vision: Problems with seeing out of one or both eyes
- Thinking and memory: Issues with memory, attention, or solving problems
- Emotions: Changes in mood or behaviour, such as feeling more anxious or depressed
Life after a stroke
Recovery from a stroke can be a long journey, but many people make improvements with the right care and support. Here are some steps involved:
- Rehabilitation: This includes physical therapy to regain strength and coordination, speech therapy to improve communication, and occupational therapy to relearn daily activities
- Healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol can help prevent another stroke
- Support: Emotional and psychological support from family, friends, and professionals is crucial. Support groups can also be very helpful
How you can help?
If your special person has had a stroke, you can make a big difference:
- Be patient: Recovery can take time, and your patience will be a great help
- Offer support: Help with daily tasks, be a good listener, and encourage your special person to follow their rehabilitation plan
- Stay positive: A positive attitude can boost your special person’s morale and encourage them to keep going
